Lahore the heart of Pakistan

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History of Lahore

The recorded history of Lahore: Lahore, Urdu Lāhawr, The recorded history of Lahore (Punjabi: لہور دی تریخ, Urdu: تاریخ لاہور ),. 2nd biggest town of Pakistan and the capital of Punjab province. It lies 811 miles (1,305 km) northeast of Karāchi withinside the top Indus simple at the Rāvi River, a tributary of the Indus.
Little is thought of the records of the agreement previous to the Muslim period. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Lōh, son of Rāma, for whom it’s far stated to had been named Lōhāwar. The town of “Labokla” referred to in Ptolemy’s 2nd-century Guide to Geography might also additionally had been Lahore.

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The town has had a turbulent history. It became the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty from 1163 to 1186. A Mongol military sacked Lahore in 1241. During the 14th century the town became time and again attacked through the Mongols till 1398, while it fell below the manage of the Turkic conqueror Timur. In 1524 it became captured through the Mughal Bābur’s troops. This marked the start of Lahore’s golden age below the Mughal dynasty, while the town became frequently the location of royal residence. It became substantially improved at some stage in the reign of Shāh Jahān (1628–58) however declined in significance at some stage in the reign of his successor, Aurangzeb.

The old Hindu city

Many historians agree that Lahore was founded by a former Hindu colony sometime between the 1st and 7th centuries, probably early in the 2nd century; which soon became an important place, the father of further colonies and finally the capital of a powerful principality which he gave his name to. There are a few reasons why the ancient Hindu city of Lahore didn’t exactly take the place of the modern city. Tradition points to the site of ancient Lahore near Ichhra, which is now part of the city of Lahore but was then a village about three miles to the west. The name of the city used to be Icchra Lahore. Also some of the oldest and most sacred Hindu shrines are located in this place namely Bhairo ka sthain and Chandrat. The current city gate, known as Lahori or Lohari Gate, was so named because it was the gate that faced Lohawar or Old Lahore, just like the Kashmir Gate faced Kashmir and the Delhi Gate of modern Delhi in the direction looks old town. of that name. There are no architectural remains of the ancient Hindu city of Lahore, a circumstance that could well be explained by the lack of stone material and the numerous destructive invasions to which the city was subjected. But also from what all Indian architectural scholars tend to show, namely, that the northern Hindus were not in the habit of building temples or permanent buildings of any kind until a comparatively late period. Even in Delhi, the seat of Hindu dynasties from and more than a thousand years before the common era to more than a thousand years after the common era, and where stone abounds, there are no specimens of pre–10th century Hindu architecture or 11th century.

From the loss of life of Aurangzeb (1707), Lahore became subjected to a electricity battle among Mughal rulers and Sikh insurrectionists. With the invasion of Nādir Shāh withinside the mid-18th century, Lahore have become an outpost of the Iranian empire. However, it quickly became related to the upward push of the Sikhs, turning into yet again the seat of a effective authorities at some stage in the guideline of thumb of Ranjit Singh (1799–1839). After Singh’s loss of life, the town unexpectedly declined, and it surpassed below British rule in 1849. When the Indian subcontinent obtained independence in 1947, Lahore have become the capital of West Punjab province; in 1955 it became made the capital of the newly created West Pakistan province, which became reconstituted as Punjab province in 1970.

Lahore includes an antique town region flanked at the southeast with the aid of using more modern commercial, industrial, and home regions which are in flip ringed with the aid of using suburbs. The antique town become at one time surrounded with the aid of using a wall and a moat, however those systems were replaced, besides withinside the north, with the aid of using parklands. A round avenue across the rampart presents get right of entry to to the antique town with the aid of using thirteen gates. Notable systems in the antique town encompass the Mosque of Wazīr Khān (1634) and Lahore Fort. A walled complicated that covers a few 36 acres (14.five hectares), the citadelress is a first rate instance of Mughal architecture; it become in part constructed with the aid of using Akbar (reigned 1556–1605) and prolonged with the aid of using the following 3 emperors. The mosque and the citadelress are embellished in marble and kashi, or encaustic tile work. Other anciental landmarks encompass the Bādshāhī (Imperial) Mosque, constructed with the aid of using Aurangzeb and nevertheless one in every of the biggest mosques withinside the world; the 14-foot- (4.3-metre-) lengthy Zam–Zama, or Zam–Zammah, a cannon this is immortalized (in conjunction with different information of the town) in Rudyard Kipling’s novel Kim (1901); Ranjit Singh’s homes and mausoleum; the Shāhdara gardens, containing the tomb of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr; and the wonderful Shālīmār Garden, laid out east of the town in 1642 with the aid of using Shāh Jahān as a shelter for the royal family. Jahān’s shelter includes approximately eighty acres (32 hectares) of terraced, walled gardens, with approximately 450 fountains. The citadelress and Shālīmār Garden had been together unique a UNESCO World Heritage website online in 1981.

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District Profile

The location of the city of Lahore is bordered by Sheikhupura District to the north and west, India to the east and Kasur District to the south. The Ravi River flows on the north side of Lahore. The total area of ​​the city is 404 square kilometers. The elevation of the city is between 3115 and 3145 north latitude and 7401 and 7439 east longitude. The weather in Lahore city faces extreme weather, May, June and July are the hottest months. The minimum temperature varies between 39 C and 26 C respectively. While December, January and February are the coldest months. The languages ​​spoken in the city are Punjabi, Urdu and English. Quirky language perhaps, but admirers have always fought with each other to immortalize this pearl of Punjab.
Lahore is the queen of cities; others are like a ring of gold, its the diamond. In the twelfth century, a poet imprisoned in Persia yearned like a woman for Lahore: I want a velvety form exuding the scent of Lahore. The longing for Lahore makes my heart and soul melt away.
Lahore has long been a shining symbol of a graceful way of life. It had been the abode of great men, both spiritual and temporal. It has the imposing reflections of its Muslim builders, overwhelming ambition and cosmopolitan taste. Growing from the desert, when Changez Khanordes destroyed its suburbs, to the developments of the 20th century, Lahore’s complex diversity shapes the city in several places and bears witness to its cultural heritage. Lahore, which was the seat of many imperial dynasties, has interesting historical memories. There is a fascinating and colorful panorama of extraordinary mosques, mausoleums, forts, gardens and the like. The greatness of Lahore cannot only be attributed to its buildings, gardens, monuments and other historical places. Rather, it is its atmosphere and vibe, its moods of joy and sadness, fairs and amusements, pain and pleasure, and most importantly, the colorful life of its residents, that really add zest to the spirit and sole of Lahore.       

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Ancient names of the city were Laohur, Lauhure, Lahvar, Lahur. Lahore was founded in 1021 A.D. Most important events in history of Lahore area are:

⦁ Counqourred by Mehmood al Ghaznavvi 1021 A.D
⦁ Provincial Capital of Ghaznavid Empire
⦁ Construction of Wall 1556-1605
⦁ Sikh rule 1767-184
⦁ British Period up to 1947
⦁ Metropolitan o’ the City 1987
⦁ Sanitation Committee was formed 1858
⦁ Municipal Committee was formed 1911
⦁ Municipal Corporation was formed 1940

Landmarks of the City

⦁ Minar-e Pakistan
⦁ Jahangir Tomb
⦁ Badshahi Mosque
⦁ Lahore Fort
⦁ Shalimar Garden
⦁ Mezar-e lqbal
⦁ Jinnah Haal

Sister Cities of Lahore

⦁ Dushanbe-Tajikistan
⦁ Xi’an-China
⦁ Istanbul-Turky
⦁ Kortrijk-Belgium
⦁ Cordoba-Spain
⦁ Fez-Morocco
⦁ Fresl1 California-U.S.A
⦁ Sarivvon-Korea
⦁ Paris-France
⦁ London-U.K

Salient Features

Salient features of Lahore are listed as below:

⦁ Historical Background
⦁ Architectural Heritage
⦁ Natural Resources
⦁ Industry

An vital instructional center, Lahore is the seat of the University of the Punjab (1882), that’s the oldest college in Pakistan. Near the college is the Lahore Museum (1864), which homes eclectic collections of artwork and ancient items. The University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (1961), and severe different schools and institutes are also placed withinside the city.

District Statistics

⦁ Tehsils 04
⦁ Union Councils 44
⦁ Villages 573
⦁ Total Area 3587 Sq Km
⦁ Road Net Work 1312 Km
⦁ Municipal Committees 05
⦁ Livestock 0.717 m
⦁ Major Occupations Civil, Arm. Services, Overseas & Farming
⦁ Literacy Rate 73 %

Lahore is an important commercial, banking and industrial center. Textiles are the most important industry, but there are many rubber, iron, steel and other works. Rail and air links Lahore to other major cities in Pakistan. Pop. (est. 2017) urban aglow., 11,126,000.

Industries

⦁ ICI Soda Ash 01
⦁ Pakistan Tobacco Company 01
⦁ Cement 02
⦁ Mari Petroleum 01
⦁ OGDCL 01
⦁ Brick Kilns 80
⦁ Flour Mills 16
⦁ Total 102
Population
⦁ Male 5.824 m (52%)
⦁ Female 5.300 m (48%)

Total Population (Estimated) 11.126 m (2017 census)

 

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